Titanium (Ti)
Element 22 · Transition metal · Solid at 25 °C · Group 4, Period 4
Titanium combines steel-like strength with much lower weight and superb corrosion resistance — ideal for aircraft, spacecraft, and surgical implants. Titanium dioxide is the white pigment in paint and sunscreen.
On the periodic table, titanium sits in group 4 in period 4. It is one of 38 elements classified as a transition metal, and at room temperature (25 °C) it is a solid.
Transition metals occupy the wide d-block in the middle of the table. As a family they are hard, dense, high-melting metals that conduct heat and electricity well. Their partly filled d-orbitals let many of them take several oxidation states, form vividly colored compounds, and act as catalysts — which is why so much of industry, and so much of biology, runs on this block.
Properties of titanium
| Atomic number (Z) | 22 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Ti |
| Atomic mass | 47.867 |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Group | 4 |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | d-block |
| Metal / nonmetal | Metal |
| State at 25 °C | Solid |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.54 |
| Melting point | 1,668 °C (1,941.15 K / 3,034.4 °F) |
| Boiling point | 3,287 °C (3,560.15 K / 5,948.6 °F) |
| Density | 4.506 g/cm³ |
Position in the periodic table
Titanium shares group 4 with Zirconium (Zr), Hafnium (Hf), Rutherfordium (Rf). Elements in the same group have the same number of outer electrons, so they tend to behave alike chemically — comparing them is one of the fastest ways to see periodic trends in action.
Physical properties
Titanium melts at 1,668 °C (1,941.15 K / 3,034.4 °F) and boils at 3,287 °C (3,560.15 K / 5,948.6 °F), giving it a liquid range of about 1,619 °C at standard pressure.
Its density is 4.506 g/cm³.
See also: the interactive periodic table, how to read the periodic table, periodic trends.